Archives de Tag: paysage

Ballade dans le parc national Los Glacieres

08 mardi Déc 2015

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Le parc national Los Glaciares est une aire protégée de 539 300 ha qui se situe dans le sud-ouest de la Patagonie argentine, à la frontière chilienne. Ce parc englobe deux grands lacs d’origine glaciaire et quelques lacs plus réduits, ainsi que quelques montagnes mythiques, comme le Fitz Roy (ou Chaltén), de 3 405 m, et le Cerro Torre, de 3 102 m.

Le photographe de Getty Images Mario Tama s’y est rendu récemment, et a pris ces photographies (vous pouvez en voir plus ici). Un monde en danger face au réchauffement climatique…

SANTA CRUZ PROVINCE, ARGENTINA - NOVEMBER 28: The Spegazzini glacier (L) and Heim glacier stand in Los Glaciares National Park, part of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, the third largest ice field in the world, on November 28, 2015 in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. The majority of the almost fifty large glaciers in the park have been retreating over the past fifty years due to warming temperatures, according to the European Space Agency (ESA). The United States Geological Survey reports that over 68 percent of the world's freshwater supplies are locked in icecaps and glaciers. The United Nations climate change conference begins November 30 in Paris. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images)

SANTA CRUZ PROVINCE, ARGENTINA – NOVEMBER 28: The Spegazzini glacier (L) and Heim glacier stand in Los Glaciares National Park, part of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, the third largest ice field in the world, on November 28, 2015 in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. The majority of the almost fifty large glaciers in the park have been retreating over the past fifty years due to warming temperatures, according to the European Space Agency (ESA). The United States Geological Survey reports that over 68 percent of the world’s freshwater supplies are locked in icecaps and glaciers. The United Nations climate change conference begins November 30 in Paris. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images)

SANTA CRUZ PROVINCE, ARGENTINA - DECEMBER 01: A river with glacial runoff flows outside Los Glaciares National Park, near the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, on December 1, 2015 in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. The Southern Patagonian Ice Field is the third largest ice field in the world. The majority of the almost 50 large glaciers in Los Glaciares National Park have been retreating during the past fifty years due to warming temperatures, according to the European Space Agency (ESA). The United States Geological Survey (USGS) reports that over 68 percent of the world's freshwater supplies are locked in ice caps and glaciers. The United Nations climate change conference began November 30 in Paris. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images)

SANTA CRUZ PROVINCE, ARGENTINA – DECEMBER 01: A river with glacial runoff flows outside Los Glaciares National Park, near the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, on December 1, 2015 in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. The Southern Patagonian Ice Field is the third largest ice field in the world. The majority of the almost 50 large glaciers in Los Glaciares National Park have been retreating during the past fifty years due to warming temperatures, according to the European Space Agency (ESA). The United States Geological Survey (USGS) reports that over 68 percent of the world’s freshwater supplies are locked in ice caps and glaciers. The United Nations climate change conference began November 30 in Paris. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images)

SANTA CRUZ PROVINCE, ARGENTINA - NOVEMBER 27: The Perito Moreno glacier stands in Los Glaciares National Park, part of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, the third largest ice field in the world, on November 27, 2015 in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. The majority of the almost fifty large glaciers in the park have been retreating over the past fifty years due to warming temperatures, according to the European Space Agency (ESA). The United States Geological Survey (USGS) reports that over 68 percent of the world's freshwater supplies are locked in icecaps and glaciers. The United Nations climate change conference begins November 30 in Paris. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images)

SANTA CRUZ PROVINCE, ARGENTINA – NOVEMBER 27: The Perito Moreno glacier stands in Los Glaciares National Park, part of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, the third largest ice field in the world, on November 27, 2015 in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. The majority of the almost fifty large glaciers in the park have been retreating over the past fifty years due to warming temperatures, according to the European Space Agency (ESA). The United States Geological Survey (USGS) reports that over 68 percent of the world’s freshwater supplies are locked in icecaps and glaciers. The United Nations climate change conference begins November 30 in Paris. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images)

SANTA CRUZ PROVINCE, ARGENTINA - NOVEMBER 30: People hike on the Perito Moreno glacier in Los Glaciares National Park, part of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, on November 30, 2015 in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. The Southern Patagonian Ice Field is the third largest ice field in the world. The majority of the almost 50 large glaciers in Los Glaciares National Park have been retreating during the past fifty years due to warming temperatures, according to the European Space Agency (ESA). The United States Geological Survey (USGS) reports that over 68 percent of the world's freshwater supplies are locked in ice caps and glaciers. The United Nations climate change conference began November 30 in Paris. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images)

SANTA CRUZ PROVINCE, ARGENTINA – NOVEMBER 30: People hike on the Perito Moreno glacier in Los Glaciares National Park, part of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, on November 30, 2015 in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. The Southern Patagonian Ice Field is the third largest ice field in the world. The majority of the almost 50 large glaciers in Los Glaciares National Park have been retreating during the past fifty years due to warming temperatures, according to the European Space Agency (ESA). The United States Geological Survey (USGS) reports that over 68 percent of the world’s freshwater supplies are locked in ice caps and glaciers. The United Nations climate change conference began November 30 in Paris. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images)

SANTA CRUZ PROVINCE, ARGENTINA - DECEMBER 02: Monte Fitz Roy stands in Los Glaciares National Park, part of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, on December 2, 2015 in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. The Southern Patagonian Ice Field is the third largest ice field in the world. The majority of the almost 50 large glaciers in Los Glaciares National Park have been retreating during the past fifty years due to warming temperatures, according to the European Space Agency (ESA). The United States Geological Survey (USGS) reports that over 68 percent of the world's freshwater supplies are locked in ice caps and glaciers. The United Nations climate change conference began November 30 in Paris. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images)

SANTA CRUZ PROVINCE, ARGENTINA – DECEMBER 02: Monte Fitz Roy stands in Los Glaciares National Park, part of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, on December 2, 2015 in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. The Southern Patagonian Ice Field is the third largest ice field in the world. The majority of the almost 50 large glaciers in Los Glaciares National Park have been retreating during the past fifty years due to warming temperatures, according to the European Space Agency (ESA). The United States Geological Survey (USGS) reports that over 68 percent of the world’s freshwater supplies are locked in ice caps and glaciers. The United Nations climate change conference began November 30 in Paris. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images)

Les côtes de l’Alaska

28 lundi Sep 2015

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Le rivage alaskien est découpé et indenté: les chaînes côtières plongent dans l’océan. Son littoral est d’une longueur impressionnante: on estime qu’il atteint presque 80.000 kilomètres, la plupart inhabité. Pour vous donner une idée, la France (Outre-mer compris) compte moins de 10.000 kilomètres de littoral. Grâce au projet ShoreZone, ce sont plus de 61.000 km de ce littoral qui ont été photographiés et sont désormais accessibles, avec une précision impressionnante.

Tracy Arm, Snettisham Peninsula, Southeast Alaska August 04, 2008. A fringing salt marsh of sedges lines the shore of this fjord, and behind that a successional community of terrestrial grasses, alder bushes, and spruce trees.

Tracy Arm, Péninsule de Snettisham, sud-est de l’Alaska, le 4 août 2008.

Le projet est né après la catastrophe de L’Exxon Valdez en 1989, pour évaluer notamment les dommages causés. Depuis, on l’utilise pour documenter l’écosystème (plantes, animaux terrestres, poissons), étudier les demandes de permis industriels, surveiller les espèces envahissantes, surveiller l’érosion des côtes et la montée des eaux.

Grewingk Glacier River, Kachemak Bay, Cook Inlet. June 24, 2009. Rivers emanating from retreating glaciers carry large volumes of sediment, producing braided river patterns with multiple channels. During periods of relative stability, opportunistic animals such as the blue mussel (Mytilus trossulus) and marine algae such as the rockweed (Fucus distichus) may colonize the beach face, creating the beautiful colored patterns seen here.

Grewingk Glacier River, Kachemak Bay, Cook Inlet. 24 juin 2009. Les rivières issues des glaciers peuvent transporter beaucoup de sédiments, et produisent de tels motifs. Quand le climet est assez stable, des espèces opportunistes comme des moules ou des algues peuvent s’installer, et colorer ainsi la plage.

Alors que les images disponibles sur Google Earth ou Google Maps sont prise par satellites, celles-ci ont été prises à bord d’un hélicoptère qui vole entre 100 et 300m d’altitude. Ceci permet une certaine flexibilité dans la prise de vue.

Point Nowell, Knitght Island Passage, Prince William Sound, July 3, 2004. The rock forming these mainland sea cliffs are of the Valdez Group and are composed of tightly folded and metamorphosed marine greywacke and dark gray slate with granite intrusions. The relatively uniform slope of this sea cliff allows for well-defined vertical zonation of intertidal organisms with the black lichen (Verrucaria maura) in the supratidal, the brown rockweed (Fucus distichus) in the high zone, and a new set of barnacle recruits in the mid zone. A small section of the low zone is visible near the waterline where larger adult barnacles (Semibalanus cariosus) dominate the rock surface.

Point Nowell, Passage de Knitght Island, 3 juillet 2004. Les espèce sont bien réparties en zones sur la paroi rocheuse: au milieu des barnaches, au-dessus des algues marines (Fucus distichus), en-dessous du lichen (Verrucaria maura).

Chaque mois, pendant 5 jours, quand la marée est au plus bas, on photographie les côtes le plus possible, sur une période de 4 heures. L’hélicoptère permet de prendre des vues obliques, permettant de mieux appréhender le paysage.

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Passage Prince of Wales, 1er juillet 2004. 

Mills Bay, Kasaan Bay, Prince of Wales Island, Southeast Alaska July 13, 2007. When a large rock or island is near the shore and the space in between is filled with shallow water, sediments can accumulate if the in-between zone is protected from wave attack. Eventually, a spit forms, linking the mainland to the offshore island. This type of spit is called a Tombolo. You can get a sense for the underlying sediments based on the colors of the vegetation. Rust-colored Rockweed (Fucus distichus), a perennial, grows on stable sediments, while the ephemeral ulvoid seaweeds, which are green, grow on less stable sediments.

Mills Bay, Kasaan Bay, Prince of Wales Island, 13 juillet 2007.

Tracy Arm, Southeast Alaska Mainland August 4, 2008. This area was recently exposed by retreating glaciers. Below the thin line of black lichen is a bare band that shows where ice has scoured the rock clean. Higher up, above the tidal zone, the steep slope and lack of soil makes for a marginal terrestrial habitat.

Tracy Arm, sud-est de l’Alaska, 4 août 2008. La fonte des glaciers a permis d’exposer cette partie de la roche. Sous la ligne noire tracée par des lichens, la roche est encore totalement nue.

Thaw Lake, Prudhoe Bay August 5, 2012. An oil pipeline follows the shoreline of an encroaching lake (lower left) in this oil-rich province not far from the coast of the Beaufort sea (visible in the far background). The low tundra is gradually becoming submerged as the permafrost melts and subsides. At some point, this pipeline may need to move.

Thaw Lake, Prudhoe Bay, 5 août 2012. Le pipeline suit la côte. La toundra est progressivement submergée, sous l’effet de la fonte du permafrost. Il faudra bientôt modifier le tracé du pipeline.

South of Cape Halkett, Harrison Bay August 6, 2012. A tundra surface is under duress as ice wedges thaw along fracture lines and water accumulates in small thaw lakes. A drained thaw lake (foreground) is showing advanced stages of thaw subsidence – almost every fracture is filled with standing water and more than 50% of the tundra is covered in thaw lakes.

Sud du Cap Halkett, Harrison Bay, 6 août 2012.

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Vermilion Cliffs

17 lundi Août 2015

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Les collines de Vermilion Cliffs sont colorées en rouge vermillon (d’où leur nom, c’est bien fait, non?), et localisées le long de la U.S. Route 89 près de la localité de Kanab dans l’État de l’Utah ainsi qu’en Arizona. Elles font partie de l’immense plateau du Colorado. Ces remparts rougeâtres, loin de former un front uni, offrent d’innombrables visages: fracturés, en dents de scie, hachurés, effondrés.

La zone fut une route importante pour les colons du XIXe siècle transitant entre l’Utah et l’Arizona. La zone fut explorée par des pionniers mormons et le missionnaire Jacob Hamblin. Ces collines sont faites de limon et de dunes de sable cimentées par des carbonates et colorées en rouge par de l’oxyde de fer et d’autres minéraux dont le manganèse. Au printemps, cette région aride peut se couvrir d’un tapis fleuri lorsque des pluies s’abattent sur la région.

Voici un très joli time-lapse sur cet endroit.

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Le fleuve Saint-Laurent par drone

25 samedi Juil 2015

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Amis du Québec, des grands espaces et des hauteurs zen, admirez le fleuve Saint-Laurent d’en-haut, grâce à ce superbe film tourné entièrement avec des drones. Il a été réalisé (et piloté) par David Etienne Durivage, et a nécessité trois ans de travail. Il était de la Sélection officielle du Festival Ciné-Drones à Bordeaux (juillet 2015), dont il a été l’un des huit lauréats.